The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing (Turing, 1950), was designed to provide a satisfactory operational definition of intelligence. Turing defined intelligent behavior as the ability to achieve human-level performance in all cognitive tasks, sufficient to fool an interrogator. Roughly speaking, the test he proposed is that the computer should be interrogated by a human via a teletype, and passes the test if the interrogator cannot tell if there is a computer or a human at the other end, and whether or not a computer is really intelligent if it passes. For now, programming a computer to pass the test provides plenty to work on. The computer would need to possess the following capabilities:
Natural language processing to enable it to communicate successfully in English (or some other human language);
Knowledge representation to store information provided before or during the interrogation;
Automated reasoning to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new conclusions;
Machine learning to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.
Turing's test deliberately avoided direct physical interaction between the interrogator and the computer, because physical simulation of a person is unnecessary for intelligence. However, the so-called total Turing Test includes a video signal so that the interrogator can test the subject's perceptual abilities, as well as the opportunity for the interrogator to pass physical objects ``through the hatch.'' To pass the total Turing Test, the computer will need
Computer vision to perceive objects, and
Robotics to move them about.
Natural language processing to enable it to communicate successfully in English (or some other human language);
Knowledge representation to store information provided before or during the interrogation;
Automated reasoning to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new conclusions;
Machine learning to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.
Turing's test deliberately avoided direct physical interaction between the interrogator and the computer, because physical simulation of a person is unnecessary for intelligence. However, the so-called total Turing Test includes a video signal so that the interrogator can test the subject's perceptual abilities, as well as the opportunity for the interrogator to pass physical objects ``through the hatch.'' To pass the total Turing Test, the computer will need
Computer vision to perceive objects, and
Robotics to move them about.
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